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SAT · Math · Problem-Solving and Data Analysis

Inference from samples and margin of error

Qué se puede concluir de una muestra: muestreo aleatorio, sesgo y margen de error.

Digital SATMathPeso: ≈15 % · 5–7 preguntas
Practicar Inference from samples and margin of error gratis13 preguntas originales de esta destreza, con corrección al instante.

Claves

Estrategia paso a paso

Trampas habituales

Ejemplo resuelto

Encuesta aleatoria: 52 $\%\pm3$ % → es plausible que entre el 49 % y el 55 % de toda la población opine así.

Preguntas de ejemplo

Intenta responder antes de abrir la solución. Las preguntas están en el idioma del examen.

Pregunta 1

Dificultad fácil≈ 1 min

A school has $2{,}400$ students. In a random sample of $400$ of these students, $120$ said they ride a bike to school. Based on the sample, which of the following is the best estimate of the number of students at the school who ride a bike to school?

  1. A. $120$
  2. B. $400$
  3. C. $720$
  4. D. $2{,}280$
Ver respuesta y explicación

Respuesta correcta: C. $720$

Explicación

In the sample, $\frac{120}{400}=30\%$ ride a bike. Because the sample was selected at random, the same proportion is a good estimate for the school: $0.30\cdot 2{,}400=720$ students.

$120$ counts only the students in the sample. $400$ is the sample size. $2{,}280$ subtracts $120$ from the school's total.

Pregunta 2

Dificultad media≈ 1 min

A town has $8{,}000$ households. In a random sample of $250$ of these households, $45$ have a dog. Based on the sample, what is the best estimate of the number of households in the town that have a dog?

Respuesta numérica (escribes el número).

Ver respuesta y explicación

Respuesta: 1440

Explicación

In the sample, $\frac{45}{250}=0.18$, or $18\%$, of the households have a dog. Because the sample is random, estimate the same proportion for the town: $0.18\cdot 8{,}000=1{,}440$ households.

Pregunta 3

Dificultad difícil≈ 2 min

A city has $40{,}000$ adult residents. In a survey of $600$ of these residents selected at random, $15\%$ said they own an electric car. The margin of error for this estimate is $3$ percentage points. Based on the survey, which of the following is a plausible value for the total number of adult residents of the city who own an electric car?

  1. A. $3{,}600$
  2. B. $4{,}000$
  3. C. $6{,}800$
  4. D. $8{,}000$
Ver respuesta y explicación

Respuesta correcta: C. $6{,}800$

Explicación

With the margin of error, the plausible percents are from $15-3=12\%$ to $15+3=18\%$. Of $40{,}000$ residents, that is from $0.12\cdot 40{,}000=4{,}800$ to $0.18\cdot 40{,}000=7{,}200$. Only $6{,}800$ ($17\%$) is in this interval.

$3{,}600$ is $9\%$, $4{,}000$ is $10\%$, and $8{,}000$ is $20\%$ of the residents, all outside the interval.

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Practicar Inference from samples and margin of error gratis13 preguntas originales de esta destreza, con corrección al instante.

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