El objetivo manda. Todas las opciones suelen ser ciertas; solo una cumple el objetivo.
Si el objetivo tiene dos partes (“semejanza y diferencia”, “resultado y explicación”), la respuesta necesita las dos.
Estrategia paso a paso
Lee primero la pregunta (el objetivo) y después las opciones. Casi nunca hace falta leer las notas enteras.
Tacha cada opción que no cumpla alguna parte del objetivo.
Trampas habituales
La opción más larga o con más datos no es necesariamente la correcta.
Opciones que hablan de un solo elemento cuando el objetivo pide comparar dos.
Ejemplo resuelto
Objetivo: “presentar el resultado del estudio”. → La opción correcta dice qué se descubrió, no cómo se hizo el estudio ni quién lo hizo.
Preguntas de ejemplo
Intenta responder antes de abrir la solución. Las preguntas están en el idioma del examen.
Pregunta 1
Dificultad fácil≈ 1 min
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
Hummingbirds and hawkmoths both feed on flower nectar while hovering in the air.
Hummingbirds are birds found only in the Americas.
Hawkmoths are insects found on every continent except Antarctica.
Hummingbirds feed mainly during the day.
Many hawkmoth species feed at dusk or at night.
The student wants to emphasize a difference in when the two animals feed. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
AA. Hummingbirds feed mainly during the day, whereas many hawkmoth species feed at dusk or at night.
BB. Both hummingbirds and hawkmoths feed on flower nectar while hovering in the air.
CC. Hummingbirds are found only in the Americas, while hawkmoths are found on every continent except Antarctica.
DD. Many hawkmoth species feed at dusk or at night.
Ver respuesta y explicación
Respuesta correcta: A. Hummingbirds feed mainly during the day, whereas many hawkmoth species feed at dusk or at night.
Explicación
The goal is a difference in feeding time. The correct choice contrasts hummingbirds’ daytime feeding with many hawkmoths’ feeding at dusk or at night.
The hovering choice describes a similarity. The choice about the Americas and other continents describes a difference in where the animals live, not when they feed. The last choice mentions only hawkmoths, so it shows no difference between the two animals.
Pregunta 2
Dificultad media≈ 1 min
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
Ostriches and emus are both large flightless birds.
The ostrich is native to Africa.
Adult ostriches can weigh up to about 150 kilograms.
The emu is native to Australia.
Adult emus typically weigh between 30 and 55 kilograms.
Both birds can run at about 50 kilometers per hour or faster.
The student wants to emphasize a difference in size between the two birds. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
AA. Both the ostrich and the emu are large flightless birds that can run at about 50 kilometers per hour or faster.
BB. The ostrich is native to Africa, while the emu is native to Australia.
CC. Adult ostriches can weigh up to about 150 kilograms, far more than adult emus, which typically weigh 30 to 55 kilograms.
DD. The emu, a large flightless bird, is native to Australia and can run at about 50 kilometers per hour.
Ver respuesta y explicación
Respuesta correcta: C. Adult ostriches can weigh up to about 150 kilograms, far more than adult emus, which typically weigh 30 to 55 kilograms.
Explicación
The goal is a difference in size. The third choice compares the two birds’ weights (up to about 150 kilograms versus 30 to 55 kilograms).
The first choice stresses similarities, the second contrasts where the birds live rather than their size, and the fourth describes only the emu.
Pregunta 3
Dificultad difícil≈ 2 min
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
Keepers at the Lindholm lighthouse recorded the weather in daily logs from 1860 to 1950.
Historian Ingrid Solberg digitized all ninety years of the Lindholm logs.
The logs record sea ice on an average of 31 days per winter in the 1870s and 6 days per winter in the 1940s.
Official weather stations in the region did not begin recording sea ice until 1955.
The student wants to emphasize why the Lindholm logs are valuable to climate researchers. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
AA. Keepers at the Lindholm lighthouse recorded the weather every day for ninety years, and historian Ingrid Solberg has now digitized all of their logs.
BB. In the 1870s, keepers at the Lindholm lighthouse recorded sea ice on an average of 31 days per winter.
CC. Historian Ingrid Solberg digitized the Lindholm lighthouse logs, which keepers had kept daily from 1860 until 1950.
DD. Since official stations began recording sea ice only in 1955, the Lindholm logs give researchers sea-ice data that would otherwise not exist.
Ver respuesta y explicación
Respuesta correcta: D. Since official stations began recording sea ice only in 1955, the Lindholm logs give researchers sea-ice data that would otherwise not exist.
Explicación
The goal is to show why the logs matter to climate researchers. The last choice explains their value: official stations did not record sea ice until 1955, so the logs provide earlier sea-ice data that researchers could not get anywhere else.
The second choice reports a single figure from one decade; it neither shows a change over time nor says why the logs are valuable to researchers. The first and third choices describe how the logs were kept and digitized, which does not explain their value either.